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The Top Crypto Exchanges Worldwide
- 👤 Jill Johnson
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- ⏰ Published: 2023-11-15 Time: 16:06:02
Table of Contents
- There are nearly 600 cryptocurrency exchanges worldwide inviting investors to trade bitcoin, ethereum and other digital assets. But costs, quality and safety vary widely. With an emphasis on regulatory compliance, here is Forbes Digital Assets ranking of the top 60.
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- #1 | Coinbase: Coinbase is the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the U.S.; it went public on Nasdaq via an $86 billion direct listing, the biggest in history. It is regulated by the New York DFS with a virtual currency license, serves 44 U.S. states, and has a N.Y. state banking charter. It offers the largest number of coins and markets among U.S. crypto exchanges and is launching an NFT marketplace and derivatives service.
- #2 | Kraken: Regulated in the U.S., U.K. and select Asian Pacific jurisdictions, U.S.-based Kraken caters toward intermediate and advanced crypto traders. It serves all U.S. states except for New York and Washington state, and it has a banking license from the state of Wyoming though it has not launched operations. It recently provided a proof of reserves for $19 billion of client assets, one of the only exchanges in history to do so. It has 13 different licenses globally, and has stated plans for an IPO this year. Its fees at 16 basis point for makers are lower than those of other large regulated firms. It is the only Class A firm with a futures exchange.
- #3 | Robinhood: Robinhood is a publicly-traded, U.S. based, and SEC-regulated broker dealer offering commission-free crypto and stock trading. It offers a relatively low number of assets for trading (7) compared to most dedicated crypto exchanges. The firm has more than two million clients on a waiting list to get a wallet that sends crypto to external addresses. The low cost of entry and simple offering makes it suitable for beginners. Crypto assets under custody are very high at $22 billion.
- #4 | Crypto.com: Singapore-based, U.S.-regulated Crypto.com paid $700 million for the naming rights to the former Staples Center in Los Angeles. It trades 169 coins and offers 349 trading pairs. Crypto.com has a higher trading volume than Coinbase despite its relatively expensive 40 basis point fee for entry-level trades.
- #5 | FTX: Fast-growing FTX (valued at $32 billion) led by 29-year old wunderkind Sam Bankman-Fried has quickly become one of the largest exchanges in the world by volume, largely by tapping the crypto derivatives market. It already owns regulated entities in the U.S. and Japan and operates in 100+ countries around the world. Tom Brady, Stephen Curry, Gisele Bundchen, David Ortiz, and Kevin O'Leary are paid endorsers.
- #6 | Binance: Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange by reported volume, offers clients massive breadth of crypto pairs - more than 1600 - across spot, derivatives, and DeFi markets. Most of Binance’s volume is in bitcoin and ether perpetual futures. Binance’s recently announced Bahrain crypto asset service provider license indicates that the giant firm is taking steps in the right direction in terms of regulatory compliance. In 2021 the firm reportedly experienced multiple regulatory inquiries regarding its anti-money-laundering program.
- #7 | Huobi Global: Founded in 2013 in China, Huobi caters towards intermediate and advanced traders. Aside from offering spot markets for 200+ assets, the firm also provides derivatives, margin services, an OTC desk, and prime brokerage. It has faced accusations of wash trading. It closed all China business in 2021 and now runs its operations out of Singapore. It is regulated in Japan, Gibraltar, and Luxembourg.
- #8 | Gemini: Founded by the Winklevoss brothers in 2013, Gemini is a U.S.-based and regulated crypto exchange that heavily leans into its image promoting regulatory compliance. It also owns the NFT platform Nifty Gateway. The firm raised $400 million from Morgan Creek Digital in November 2021 at a $7.1 billion valuation. Its fees are middle of the pack, though the number of coins and markets is a bit below average.
- #9 | GMO Coin: One of the largest Japanese crypto exchanges, GMO Coin offers one of the lowest trade costs in the industry at -1 basis point for makers and 5bp for takers (in Japanese yen) across 9 crypto pairs. Parent company GMO Internet Group owns also the largest retail FX brokerage firm in the world, GMO Click Securities.
- #10 | eTORO: eToro is a globally-regulated firm with a $9.6 billion valuation that offers multi-asset trading to more than 1.5 million clients and 19 million users. It is regulated in Europe, the U.S., and other areas. Its spreads for retail clients are very high (they go from 75 basis points to 490bp depending on the crypto), but its unit eToroX has a low fee of 5 basis points per trade.
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- #11 | Interactive Brokers: Interactive Brokers is a U.S.-based and globally regulated broker dealer firm offering many asset classes, including crypto, to a sophisticated client base. Its trade cost (18 basis points) is among the lowest, though its crypto offer is still limited. Great choice for multi-asset class traders.
- #12 | IG: IG Group is a big name in making financial derivatives available to a sophisticated global retail audience, with thousands of tradable securities including a small crypto offering. In the U.S., its unit tastytrade offers futures and options for both bitcoin and ethereum at low rates. The crypto CFD (contract for difference) service offered to non-U.S. clients is low among CFD firms at 50bp, but pricey compared to crypto spot firms.
- #13 | Bithumb: One of Korea's ‘big four’ regulated exchanges, Bithumb offers more than 250 trading pairs with a trading fee of 20 basis points for makers and 25 bp for takers; and most liquidity is denominated in Korean won (KRW). Unaffiliated banking and technology firms have vetted Bithumb’s cyber security and regulatory compliance practices.
- #14 | Plus500: Plus500 is a U.K.-listed, globally-regulated brokerage firm that offers contracts for difference (CFDs) across various asset classes, like stocks, indices, FX, and also ten crypto markets. A big sports sponsor globally, it is a close competitor of IG and eToro. The leveraged nature of CFDs makes them risky, not offered in the United States.
- #15 | KuCoin: Boasting a robust coin offering (over 500) and low fees, KuCoin is one of the world’s biggest cryptocurrency exchanges. In 2020, it suffered one of the largest exchange heists when hackers stole more than $275 million worth of cryptocurrency, though almost all stolen coins were later recovered. Seychelles-based KuCoin is not a regulated exchange and is not licensed to serve U.S. customers.
- #16 | CME Group: CME Group is a 175-year old U.S.-based derivatives exchange that launched its bitcoin futures service in late 2017 and now has 4 crypto futures contracts (including ether futures, micro bitcoin futures, micro ether futures) and three crypto options contracts (including two micro) that derivatives-trained traders can access through accounts at futures commodity merchants (FCMs).
- #17 | bitFlyer: One of Japan's largest crypto exchanges, bitFlyer is regulated in Japan, the U.S., and Europe. It restricts its offering to bitcoin and particularly bitcoin against the yen (BTC/JPY), available at a fee of 15 basis points for makers and takers.
- #18 | FTX.US: The U.S. affiliate of its namesake firm, FTX.US is quickly gaining traction in the U.S. market despite its relatively limited spot market offering (26 coins). It recently purchased the CFTC-regulated derivatives provider LedgerX and launched an NFT marketplace.
- #19 | CEX.IO: CEX.IO is a U.K.-based cryptocurrency exchange founded in 2013 is regulated in the U.K., continental Europe, United States, and Canada. Though primarily-retail focused, CEX.IO is now moving into the institutional space with prime broker services, margin trading, and APIs. It offers 100+ assets for trading.
- #20 | CashApp: Square Inc's CashApp launched crypto service to its now 30 million monthly active users back in 2017. It is limited to bitcoin and comes at high rates ranging from 75 basis points (bp) to 300 bp, suitable fees for beginners. CashApp supports payments to external crypto wallets.
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- #21 | SoFi: SoFi is a U.S.-based and regulated firm offering multi-asset investing including stocks, exchange traded funds, and 30 cryptocurrencies. The crypto trade fee of 125 basis points is steep and it does not offer external wallet, making it suitable only for beginners.
- #22| OKX: Formerly known as OKEx, OKX is a Seychelles-based unregulated exchange. It's low fees, high staking yields, and vast product choice have been its main areas of appeal. It does not serve U.S. clients. In 2020 it underwent a withdrawal lockdown for six weeks when a private keyholder was arrested and the firm had no other contingency plan in place for that kind of situation.
- #23 | Blockchain.com: The firm has raised $537 million from venture capital firms giving it a $5.2 billion valuation. Blockchain.com is a U.S.-registered entity, based in Miami and regulated in select U.S. states. It touts 81 million wallets and its fees are average among its class A peers.
- #24 | Upbit: One of the largest Korea-based crypto exchanges, it is also regulated in Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore. It has more than 8 million clients and trades an average of $4 billion daily, most of it denominated in Korean won (KRW); its coin offering is high.
- #25 | Gate.io: Gate.io is an unregulated exchange with the highest coins (1200+) and trading pairs (2200+) offering available; it claims to process $12+ billion in trading volume daily. The exchange offers spot, margin and derivatives trading in addition to crypto lending and liquidity mining, among other products and services. It does not serve U.S. clients.
- #26 | Bitbank: Founded in 2015, Bitbank is one of the top cryptocurrency exchanges in Japan by trading volume. The exchange offers 13 trading tokens against major crypto and the Japanese yen (JPY). It is domestically focused, operating only with Japanese yen fiat deposit onramps; international corporate accounts may be accepted.
- #27 | Liquid: Japan-based Liquid and its Quoine subsidiary were purchased by FTX in February 2022, giving the latter licenses to operate legally in Japan and Singapore. Liquid exchange was hacked for $97 million worth of crypto in August 2019.
- #28 | PayPal: Globally-known payment services PayPal and subsidiary Venmo provide crypto services to its more than 400 million active users. The firm's crypto offering is limited to bitcoin, ethereum, litecoin, and bitcoin cash and carries a high fee which makes it acceptable for beginners.
- #29 | Bitstamp: Bitstamp is the oldest operating crypto exchange, founded in 2011. It is headquartered in the U.K. and its U.S. affiliate is regulated in the U.S. by the New York Department of Financial Services. It offers 53 coins and 134 markets, while its fees starting at 50 basis points are high compared to class-A peers. As of May 2021, Bitstamp held $11 billion in crypto assets under management.
- #30 | Bittrex: U.S.-based exchange founded in 2014. Offers trading markets for more than 800 crypto assets and tokenized stocks. It recently launched an initial exchange offering platform, Bittrex Global Starting Block, to help new tokens bootstrap liquidity with its built-in user base.
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- #31 | Bybit: Bybit offers a wide range of advanced trading tools for experienced traders with leverage up to 100 times. It doesn’t charge withdrawal or deposit fees, but each transfer comes with a fixed miner’s fee regardless of the trade amount. The platform is not available in the U.S., but since 2020 it is registered with FinCEN and most U.S. states as a money transmitter entity.
- #32 | Bitfinex: Bitfinex is an unregulated exchange owned by iFinex, parent company of Tether, the world’s largest stablecoin. In August 2016, hackers breached the exchange's security system and stole roughly 120,000 bitcoins from its customers, worth roughly $70 million at the time and more than $4 billion at current prices. It is not regulated in the U.S.
- #33 | Binance.US: Binance.US is BAM Trading Services, an entity that leases technology from Binance and whose majority owner is Binance's CEO Changpeng Zhao. BAM has money transmitter entity licenses with FinCEN and most U.S. states. The product offering from Binance.US spans 72 coins and 158 markets, and it offers low fees.
- #34 | TradeStation: Tradestation is a U.S.-based and regulated broker dealer firm (owned by Japanese financial conglomerate Monex Group), with a multi-asset offering including 5 cryptocurrrencies. Its trading platform is particularly powerful and suitable for advanced traders although its 30 basis point fee is average.
- #35 | Lbank: Lbank is a high-traffic, product-rich crypto exchange of unknown origin that conducts its activities without regulatory oversight. The firm's clients tend to come from emerging markets like Argentina, and does not accept U.S. or mainland China clients.
- #36 | Coincheck: Coincheck is a Japanese crypto exchange owned by the Monex Group, which offers yen-based trading pairs against 17 different crypto assets. They also have an NFT marketplace in beta and offer bill pay and lending services. In 2018, it suffered one of the largest hacks in history, losing $530 million worth of funds.
- #37 | Indodax: Indodax is Indonesia's largest regulated exchange with as many as 5 million clients. It offers almost 200 spot crypto markets denominated in Indonesian rupiah (IDR) plus IDR crypto derivatives and DeFi markets.
- #38 | BitPanda: Retail-focused Austria-based Bitpanda became the country's first unicorn in March 2021 with a valuation of $4.1 billion, supported in part by U.S. tech billionaire Peter Thiel. It offers trading services across 50+ crypto assets as well as stocks, ETFs, and precious metals. It also licenses its proprietary solutions to banks and other fintechs.
- #39 | Bitso: One of largest cryptocurrency exchange in Latin American, Mexican-based Bitso offers trading pairs against 22 different cryptocurrencies. The exchange is also rolling out a rewards program and international payments service. It does not serve U.S. clients.
- #40 | ErisX: Chicago-based and CFTC-regulated ErisX offers spot and futures crypto contracts to both institutional firms and retail clients, some of whom invest in crypto via self-directed retirement accounts. ErisX offers free trading to spot price makers and crypto futures - only FCM fee applies. It made a deal to be acquired by the Cboe in late 2021 and will become Cboe Digital once the deal closes.
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- #41 | LMAX Digital: LMAX Digital is a Gibraltar-based and regulated spot crypto exchange serving an audience of high-end, sophisticated retail investors and institutional firms. It offers five coins and 19 trading pairs; the firm is known for its trading technology and quality of execution, while its liquidity is steady and its maker/taker fees (2 basis points and 6bp) are very low.
- #42 | itBit: itBit, a U.S.-based and regulated exchange offering spot trading in nine cryptocurrencies at low rates for both retail and institutional clients. itBit is owned by Paxos, an entity regulated as a U.S. bank, creator of the PAX dollar (USDP, a major stablecoin), and a crypto technology provider to the likes of PayPal, Interactive Brokers, and Revolut.
- #43 | Phemex: Phemex is an exchange registered in Singapore under a provisional license - Singapore does not yet have crypto exchange regulations. Phemex offers 53 spot crypto but most of its trading comes from BTC and ETH perpetual contracts. It offers among the lowest of fees (-2.5 bp) for crypto derivatives price makers.
- #44 | Coinone: One of the 'big four' South Korean exchanges that successfully underwent IT and regulatory compliance validations from external parties, Coinone offers trading pairs against 192 digital assets. Due to regulatory pressure as of January 24th the exchange is no longer allowing users to withdraw funds to unverified wallets.
- #45 | AscendEX: AscendEx is a Singapore-based unregulated crypto exchange offering more than 300 USDT spot crypto markets, plus dozens of USDT crypto derivatives markets; fees are low, no U.S. or mainland China clients allowed.
- #46 | Korbit: One of the 'big four' South Korean exchanges, Korbit offers trading pairs against 83 different cryptocurrencies. Owned by gaming giant Nexon, Korbit was the first South Korean exchange to launch an NFT marketplace.
- #47 | Luno: London-based Luno was acquired by Barry Silbert's Digital Currency Group in 2020. The company has primarily focused on serving emerging markets across Africa and Asia. The retail-focused service currently offers trading in bitcoin and ethereum.
- #48 | XT.com: Registered in the Seychelles in 2018 and based in Singapore, XT.com is an unregulated crypto exchange offering more than 300 spot crypto markets and low fees, as well as crypto futures in more than 40 markets and staking. It is not authorized to serve to U.S. residents.
- #49 | BTCTurk: BTCTurk is a Turkey-based exchange claiming a 2013 launch. Its BtcTurk Pro service caters to a Turkish audience, with more than 100 Turkish lira-denominated crypto markets in offer. This firm is not regulated and does not take U.S. clients.
- #50 | Invest Voyager: Publicly-traded crypto exchange based in Canada that offers fee-free trading across 80+ crypto assets, although the company generates revenues from spreads. It also offers a Mastercard debit card to let users spend crypto and offers yields of up to 12% on 36 assets on the platform.
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- #51 | HitBTC: Registered in the British Virgin Islands in 2013 and based in Chile, HitBTC is an unregulated exchange with a large product offer across crypto spot and derivatives markets. The firm does not serve U.S. clients.
- #52 | BitMEX: BitMEX is an unregulated crypto exchange based in the Seychelles that pioneered perpetual futures contracts. These contracts, offered at low fees, are the firm's main appeal. In 2021 U.S. regulators took issue with BitMEX’s AML program and required the exchange to pay a $100 million penalty. The firm has plans to become regulated down the road and its new CEO just acquired a German bank.
- #53 | OKCoin: U.S.-based OKCoin serves retail and institutional investors across more than 190 countries and territories. Retail users can buy over 50 different cryptocurrencies with multiple fiat currencies and earn yield with Earn, OKCoin's DeFi and staking feature.
- #54 | Zaif: One of Japan's first licensed cryptocurrency exchanges, Zaif emerged soon after the infamous collapse of another Japanese bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox. The platform lists very few assets but charges low fees.
- #55 | Poloniex: A Panama-based, unregulated exchange that offers a large number of tokens and coins, at a low (14bp) fee. It originally came to prominence during the ICO craze of 2017-2018. Poloniex was subsequently purchased by Circle, a primary issuer of the USDC stable coin, for $400 million in 2018. Currently owned in part by the creator of the Tron blockchain, Justin Sun. In August 2021, Poloniex agreed to pay a $10 million no-fault settlement to the SEC for operating an unregistered exchange.
- #56 | Mercado Bitcoin: MercadoBitcoin.com.br is arguably Brazil's largest crypto exchange and (along with Bitso) one Latin America’s largest. The firm is registered in Brazil but the country still lacks a crypto regulatory framework. It offers a few dozen cryptocurrencies, defi tokens, utility tokens, fan tokens and other tokenized digital assets.
- #57 | Deribit: Panama-based Deribit launched in 2016 as an offshore crypto derivatives exchange with a big focus on crypto options - it generates more than $5 billion in crypto option volume daily which is the highest by far. Despite lacking regulatory credentials, the firm has a robust following made up of sophisticated retail and institutional traders. Low fees.
- #58 | Bibox: Bibox is an Estonia-registered firm with limited (anti-money-laundering) license from an authorized Swiss entity, but it is not regulated as a crypto exchange. It reportedly has more than 10 million users; its offering includes more than 400 markets, defi mining, 'grid trading', and crypto derivatives.
- #59 | ZB.com: This Samoa-based unregulated exchange touts a history tracing back to 2013 in China, and web traffic shows most visitors originate from India, China, and other emerging markets. It is not registered to serve U.S. clients. It supports 80 spot crypto assets, as well as derivatives and margin trading.
- #60 | CoinZoom: Utah-based CoinZoom is registered in all 50 U.S. states and territories. The exchange offers features for both novice and seasoned traders trading more than 70 spot crypto pairs as well as card services. Fees typically start at 36 basis points, which is about average for regulated U.S. entities.
- RANKING CRITERIA
- Jurisdiction: The choice of jurisdiction, or place where an organization operates, can make it hard or impractical for aggrieved investors to defend their interests. Jurisdictions like Germany, Japan, or the United States rank highest (a 3 score) while those in Seychelles or tax havens rank lowest (0).
- Regulation: As a preliminary step, we generated our own Regulator Difficulty Score (RDS) by assigning a 1-to-3 value (3 being strictest) for each regulator. Some firms were not regulated and had a zero, while others had as many as 9 jurisdictions where they were regulated. To calculate a firm’s regulated entity score (RES), we assigned the applicable RDS points to each regulated entity a firm worked with. For example, our score for an entity registered as a U.S. money services business is 1 point. Conversely, a firm would get three points if it was a U.S. SEC-regulated brokerage or a CFTC regulated entity, and six points if it were regulated by both. The final step was to give the firm a 0 to a 3 for the regulation category. We determined that firms with a RES of 5 or higher got a 3, a 3-to-4 RES score got them a 2, and a 1-to-2 RES score got them a 1.
- Institutional: The more money an entity raises from recognized institutional investors, the more likely that these savvy investors received concrete covenants that protected their investment, and the more likely the firm enacted sound internal controls after the investment. A 3 score in the category signifies the firm is publicly traded or has done credible investment rounds, a 2 score means smaller sum of outside investment or less known investors, a 1 score could be having an active institutional trading desk or having an API that several institutional trading firms are using.
- Product: For this category, we primarily consider crypto product choice. Less than 50 markets offered gets a zero, 50 to 199 markets gets a 1, 200 to 499 markets gets a 2, 500 or more markets gets a 3. We also make a special accommodation in our scoring for entities that give investors the ability to invest in multiple asset classes from the same platform and those that let clients invest in both spot and derivatives crypto markets.
- Volume: Generally, a high trading volume reflects greater liquidity and support from the trading community. Few areas are more subject to fake statistics as trading volume has been, however. We take at face value volume from regulated entities and discount volume from unregulated firms. The first step to calculate a volume score is to generate an adjusted total volume (ATV) - adjusted for overstated volume. We subsequently calculate a firm’s share of the ATV and rank it as follow: a 2.5% or higher = 3, a 0.5% to 2.4% = 2, a 0.1% to 0.4% = 1, less than 0.1% or unknown = 0.
- Popularity: We capture a firm’s historical number of unduplicated visitors across platforms (mobile + desktop) using a service like SimilarWeb and generate an average using the three most recent months. Using this average, the scale for this category is as follows: 3: Two or more million unique visitors monthly; 2: Between 1.0 and 1.99 million unique visitors monthly; 1: Between 0.25 million and 0.99 million unique visitors monthly; 0: Less than 0.25 million unique visitors monthly.
- Client Reviews: We consider the app ratings and comments at Google Play, Apple App store, and site reviews at places like TrustPilot to determine customer satisfaction. This effort is both qualitative and quantitative, subject to Forbes interpretation.
- Client Funds: We use the client asset estimates of Cer.Live and complement that info with credible public information and data directly from the firm in question; client assets are defined as the summation of the current value of all custodied client assets in USD millions and as of the latest available date, in this case Dec 31, 2021. Our ranking goes as follows: More than $1 billion = 3, $200 million to $999 million = 2, $30 million to 199 million = 1, less than $30 million = 0. In a few instances where Cer.live lacks a value for a large firm, Forbes generates its own estimate.
- Cybersecurity: We use the cybersecurity results of Cer.Live and augment that info with credible public information and direct disclosures from exchanges. A Cer.live score of 8-to-10 = 3, a 5-to-7.9 score = 2, a 3-to-4.9 score = 1, a score below 3 = 0.
- Low Fee Leader: We capture fee information from exchange websites and use a scenario of a new trader buying $10,000 in bitcoin at the published rates. This category’s scoring is measured in basis points (100 basis points = 1%) based on the highest price maker and price taker fee offered, as follows: 3. Up to 9 basis points, 2. 10bp to 19bp; 1. 20bp to 35bp; 0. More than 35bp.
- FORBES Q1 2022 METRICS - TOP 20 FIRMS
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- FORBES Q1 2022 METRICS - FIRMS 21 to 40
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- FORBES Q1 2022 METRICS - FIRMS 41 to 60
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- FORBES CLASSIFICATION OF THE CRYPTO RETAIL INVESTING SPACE
- CRYPTO FIRM CLASS CHARACTERISTICS
- GEO DISTRIBUTION OF CRYPTO PROVIDERS
- REGULATORS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
- CRYPTO PROVIDERS REGISTERED IN SOUTH KOREA
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- CRYPTO PROVIDERS REGISTERED IN JAPAN
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- REGULATORS IN THE AMERICAS AND EUROPE
- CRYPTO PROVIDERS REGISTERED IN THE UNITED STATES
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